Hiri review free#

HIRI is an inevitable consequence of liver surgeries such as partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation, and is also the main factor leading to postoperative complications such as liver dysfunction. The chronic stage commences 18-24 hours after I/R, and is characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration, which in turn activates other leukocytes and triggers overproduction of cytokines and chemokines.

Hiri review free#

Acute hepatocyte injury occurs 3 to 6 hours after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and is accompanied by excessive production of free radicals and the activation of macrophages and T-cells.

The pathophysiological process of HIRI can also be divided into the acute phase and chronic phase. During the ischemic period, decreased blood supply to the tissues disrupts mitochondrial respiration and triggers hepatocyte damage, and the excessive amounts of ROS formed during the reperfusion phase activate the apoptosis and inflammatory cascades. The pathophysiology of hepatic IRI (HIRI) is complex and the exact molecular mechanisms are unknown, although overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation have been implicated in the process of HIRI. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is defined as the aggravation of cellular damage and death after restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic tissues, which results in metabolic dysfunction and structural damage.